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Title:	Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the first national survey of indigenous people's health and nutrition
Authors:	Leite, Maurício S. Cardoso, Andrey M. Coimbra Junior, Carlos E. A. Welch, James R. Gugelmin, Silvia A. Lira, Pedro Israel Cabral de Horta, Bernardo L. Santos, Ricardo Ventura Escobar, Ana Lúcia
Affilliation:	Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Nutrição. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Departamento de Nutrição. Recife, PE, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Faculdade de Medicina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia. Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Fórum de Ciência e Cultura. Museu Nacional. Departamento de Antropologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas. Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
Abstract:	Background: Anemia is the most prevalent nutritional deficiency globally, affecting about a quarter of the world population. In Brazil, about one-fifth of children under five years of age are anemic. Previous case studies indicate prevalence rates much higher among indigenous peoples in the country. The First National Survey of Indigenous People's Health and Nutrition in Brazil, conducted in 2008–2009, was the first survey based on a nationwide representative sample to study the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil. Methods: The survey assessed the health and nutritional status of indigenous children < 5 years of age based on a representative sample of major Brazilian geopolitical regions. A stratified probabilistic sampling was carried out for indigenous villages. Within villages, children < 5 years of age in sampled households were included in the study. Prevalence rates of anemia were calculated for independent variables and hierarchical multivariate analysis were conducted to assess associations. Results: Evaluation of hemoglobin levels was conducted for 5,397 children (88.1% of the total sample). The overall prevalence of anemia was 51.2%. Higher risk of presenting anemia was documented for boys, lower maternal schooling, lower household socioeconomic status, poorer sanitary conditions, presence of maternal anemia, and anthropometric deficits. Regional differences were observed, with the highest rate being observed in the North. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of anemia in indigenous children were approximately double than those reported for non-indigenous Brazilian children in the same age group. Similarly notable differences in the occurrence of anemia in indigenous and non-indigenous children have been reported for other countries. Deeper knowledge about the etiology of anemia in indigenous children in Brazil is essential to its proper treatment and prevention.
Keywords:	Brazil Indigenous peoples Health surveys Nutrition surveys Health status indicators Anemia Child health
Keywords:	Região Norte Região Nordeste Região Centro-Oeste Região Sul Região Sudeste Desigualdades em Saúde Inquérto Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição de Povos Indígenas
DeCS:	Brasil Índios Sul-Americanos Saúde de Populações Indígenas Epidemiologia Saúde da Criança Estudos Epidemiológicos Anemia Avaliação Nutricional Indicadores Básicos de Saúde Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde Deficiências Nutricionais Inquéritos Nutricionais Transição Nutricional
Issue Date:	2013
Publisher:	BMC
Citation:	LEITE, Maurício S. et al. Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among indigenous children in Brazil: results from the first national survey of indigenous people's health and nutrition. Nutrition Journal, v. 12, n. 69, p. 1-11, 28 May 2013.
metadata.dc.identifier.doi:	10.1186/1475-2891-12-69
ISSN:	1475-2891
Copyright:	open access
Appears in Collections:	AN - Artigos de Periódicos EPI - Artigos de Periódicos

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