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Title:	Food profile of Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months from the Brazilian Amazon, according to the degree of food processing: a cross-sectional study
Authors:	Moraes, Aline Oliveira dosSantos Magalhães, Elma Izze da Silva Orellana, Jesem Douglas Yamall Gatica-Dominguez, Giovanna Neves, Paulo Augusto Ribeiro Basta, Paulo Cesar Vaz, Juliana dos Santos
Affilliation:	Federal University of Pelotas. Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food. Pelotas, RS, Brazil Federal University of Maranhão. Postgraduate Program in Public Health. São Luis, MA, Brazil Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute. Manaus, AM, Brazil Federal University of Pelotas. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology. Pelotas, RS, Brazil Federal University of Pelotas. Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology. Pelotas, RS, Brazil Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. National School of Public Health. Samuel Pessoa Department of Endemics. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Federal University of Pelotas. Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Food. Pelotas, RS, Brazil / Federal University of Pelotas. Faculty of Nutrition. Pelotas, ES, Brazil
Abstract:	Objective: This study aimed to characterize the food profile of Yanomami indigenous children according to the degree of food processing and its associated factors. Design: This is a cross-sectional study with Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months. Sociodemographic, maternal, and infant data were collected through a standardized questionnaire. The food profile was obtained by using a list of 34 foods to verify the child’s consumption of these foods on the day preceding the interview. Foods were classified according to the degree of processing based on the NOVA system (in natura or minimally processed, processed culinary ingredients, processed, and ultra-processed). In natura and minimally processed foods were subdivided into ‘regional’ and ‘urban’ foods. Poisson regression analysis was applied to estimate the associated factors according to the 90% confidence interval. Setting: Three villages (Auaris, Maturacá and Ariabú) in the Yanomami indigenous territory, in the Brazilian Amazon. Participants: 251 Yanomami children aged 6 to 59 months were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of consumption of ‘regional’ and ‘urban’ in natura or minimally processed foods was 93% and 56%, respectively, and consumption of ultra-processed foods was 32%. Ultra-processed food consumption was 11.6 times higher in children of Maturacá and 9.2 times higher in Ariabú when compared to the children of Auaris, and 31% lower in children who had mothers with shorter stature. Conclusion: Despite the high frequency of consumption of in natura and minimally processed foods, the consumption of ultra-processed foods was substantial and was associated with demographic and maternal factors in Yanomani indigenous children under five years old.
Keywords:	Brazil Indians, South American Health of Indigenous Peoples Child Nutrition Epidemiology
Keywords:	Yanomami Região Amazônica Alimentação e Nutrição
DeCS:	Brasil Saúde de Populações Indígenas Índios Sul-Americanos Nutrição da Criança Epidemiologia Hábitos Alimentares Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição
Issue Date:	May-2022
Publisher:	University Press
Citation:	MORAES, Aline Oliveira dos S.; et al. Food profile of Yanomami indigenous children aged 6 to 59 months from the Brazilian Amazon, according to the degree of food processing: a cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutrition, p. 1 - 30, 2022
metadata.dc.identifier.doi:	https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022001306
Copyright:	open access
Appears in Collections:	AN - Preprint

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