Fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares: um estudo comparativo entre indigenas, brancos, pardos/negros que residem na cidade de Manaus

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil and worldwide. The few biomedical studies conducted with indigenous groups in villages reveal that obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, have been frequent. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among indigenous ethnic groups of the Rio Negro region, the sateré-mawé and their white neighbors, browns / blacks living in the city of Manaus. Methods: The sample consisted of 191 subjects, 35 (18.3%) sateré-mawé natives, 43 (22.5%) natives of the Rio Negro, 24 (12.6%) white and 89 browns / blacks (46.6%). Results: The results showed that in all groups there were mostly women. The prevalence of hypertension was 25% among the browns / blacks, 21% among whites, 11.6% among natives of the Rio Negro and 2.3% in sateré-mawé. The logistic regression analysis showed that the natives of Rio Negro had similar chances to whites and browns / blacks to develop hypertension, whereas the sateré-mawé natives showed greater protection to come to have the disease. On the other hand, the natives of Rio Negro were less likely to have high triglycerides, while the sateré-mawé had similar chances to whites and browns / blacks. For all groups increased BMI, as well as sedentary lifestyles and irregular physical activity, were associated with blood glucose levels and higher triglycerides. Discussion: We suggest that changes in lifestyle and eating habits of these groups, especially indigenous people, have influenced both protection mechanisms, such as increased exposure to risk factors for CVD s. Conclusion: There is need for studies that investigate in more detail, the types and amounts of food consumed by these groups; or there is the hypothesis that saterê-mawé natives have some additional protective factor for hypertension.